英语中的五种副词

副词是八大词类之一，用来修饰动词。它们可以描述如何、何时、何地以及做某件事的频率。下面是五种副词的用法指南。

Adverbs of Manner

方式副词提供某人如何做某事的信息。方式副词最常与行为动词连用。态度副词包括: slowly, fast, carefully, carelessly, effortlessly, urgently等。方式副词可以放在句末，也可以直接放在动词的前面或后面。

Examples

• Jack drives very carefully.
• He won the tennis match effortlessly.
• She slowly opened the present.

Adverbs of Time and Frequency

时间副词提供某事发生的时间信息。时间副词可以表示一个特定的时间，如在two days ago、yesterday、three weeks ago等。时间副词通常放在句末，但有时也放在句首。

Examples

• We'll let you know our decision next week.
• I flew to Dallas three weeks ago.
• Yesterday, I received a letter from my friend in Belfast.

频率副词与时间副词相似，不同之处在于它们表示某事发生的频率。频率副词放在主动动词之前。它们被放在动词be后面。下面是最常见的频率副词的列表，从最频繁到最不频繁:

1. always
2. almost always
3. usually
4. often
5. sometimes
6. occasionally
7. seldom
8. rarely
9. almost never
10. never

Examples

• He seldom takes a vacation.
• Jennifer occasionally goes to the movies.
• Tom is never late for work.

Adverbs of Degree

程度副词提供关于某事完成程度的信息。这些副词常放在句末。

Examples

• They like playing golf a lot.
• She decided that she doesn't enjoy watching TV at all.
• She nearly flew to Boston, but decided not to go in the end.

Adverbs of Place

地点副词告诉我们某事发生在哪里。它们包括诸如 nowhere, anywhere, outside, everywhere等。

Examples

• Tom will go anywhere with his dog.
• You'll find that there is nowhere like home.
• She found the box outside.

构成

副词通常是在形容词后面加“-ly”构成的。

• quiet - quietly, careful - carefully, careless - carelessly

以'-le' 结尾的形容词变成'-ly'.

• possible - possibly, probable - probably, incredible - incredibly

以'-y' 结尾的形容词变成 '-ily'.

• lucky - luckily, happy - happily, angry - angrily

以'-ic'结尾的形容词变成'-ically'.

• basic - basically, ironic - ironically, scientific - scientifically

有些形容词变成副词不规则

• good - well, hard - hard, fast -fast

句中的位置

Adverbs of Manner: 方式副词放在动词或整个表达之后(在句末)。

• Their teacher speaks quickly.

Adverbs of Time: 时间副词放在动词或整个表达的后面(在句末)。

She visited her friends last year.

Adverbs of Frequency: 频率副词放在主要动词(而不是助动词)之前。

He often goes to bed late. Do you sometimes get up early?

Adverbs of Degree: 程度副词放在动词或整个表达之后(在句末)。

She'll attend the meeting as well.

Adverbs of place: 地点副词一般放在句末。

• She walked out of the room to nowhere.

一些例外

有些副词放在句首以加强语气.

• Now you tell me you can't come!

频率副词作为句子的主要动词时，放在动词“to be”后面。

• Jack is often late for work.

有些频率副词(sometimes, usually, normally)也放在句首以强调。

• Sometimes I visit my friends in London.